In busy offshore waters with high vessel density and intersecting shipping lanes. the risk of collisions and accidents is significantly increased. To address the problem of insufficient feature extraction capability of traditional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in ship trajectory prediction in busy nearshore areas. this paper proposes a hybrid model based on Particle Swarm Optimizat... https://unitedssports.shop/product-category/ball-field-equipment-training-aids-team/