HTTP-based video streaming technology is widely used in today’s video delivery services. The streaming solution uses the adaptive bitrate (ABR) algorithm for better video quality and user experience. Despite many efforts to improve the quality of experience (QoE). it is very challenging for ABR algorithms to guarantee high QoE to all users in various environments. https://www.ealisboa.com/limited-value-AXYS-Valhalla-Pen-must-buy/